Relationship between Parenting style and self concept of adolescents

The present study analyzed relationship between the Parenting Style and self concept of 400 VIII and X Standard students from Pachora in Maharashtra state (India). Bharadwaj et all’s Parenting scale and Dr. Mrs. G. P. Sherry et all’s self-concept scale is used. Majority of the adolescents have developed acceptance Parenting style on the models of Parenting. It is found that an average self-concept of adolescents is 56 percent.


INTRODUCTION
Family is considered as the smallest social unit and the main element of each society. Family environment is the first and most important factor that influences the individual's growth (Bahrami, 2008). The foundation of development of individual lies in the womb of the family. The growth of child's personality depends upon the family atmosphere. Through family, he learns the norms of society, interrelationships and become a competent and useful member of society. Parents are supposed to create a most congenial, happy, democratic, lucid and warm atmosphere through their parenting style and through this child develops his hidden potentialities and social interaction skill. (Bharadwaj,1995).
If the children can't enjoy a good relationship with significant adults in their life, they will be negatively affected especially in their self shaping process. There are three ways children can be affected by the emotion that is being shown by their parents. First is when rejection happens. Second is when the parents become overprotected and third is when emotional confusion occurs as the result of the parents keep showing negative and positive emotions towards them one after another ( Barret & Trent, 1991). Generally in India both father and mother pay attention to the development of child but mother's role is more important especially middle class parents are more callous about their child's overall growth. Parents give more attention to their educational career. Nowadays, parenting style certainly is an interesting and important topic (Caporella, 2007). Aim of this present study is to increase better understanding about different parenting approaches bring different effectiveness in development especially self-concept among High school students.

Parenting Style:
Parenting is a complex activity that includes many specific behaviors that work individually and together to influence children out comes. The two distinctive roles of parent include both mothering and fathering. Loving, caring, authoritative fathering develop the child independent, emotionally stable and create his attitude positive towards the society. If mother's expectation is realistic, loving, caring less punishing and dominance the development of child is more productive and imaginative but utopian expectation of mother, over protection, more disciplined mother's behavior seen to be responsible for the problem of modes of parenting.

Self -concept:
Adolescent's self-concept is built on limited experiences and it is hard for him to relate himself to change social world. Self-concept is formed through experiences with the environment and is influenced especially by home environment reinforcements and significant others. (Shavelson et al, 1982) The self has been defined as that part of one's personality of which one is aware. Self-concept is "the set of perceptions or reference points that the subject has about himself; the set of characteristics, attributes, qualities and deficiencies, capacities and limits, values and relationships that the subject knows to be descriptive of himself and which he perceives as data concerning his identity" (Hamachek, 1981;Machargo, 1991).

REVIEW OF LITERATURE:
Marfatia (1973) found that lack of parental love, over strictness or over disciplined, attitude especially that of father, constant quarrel between the parents, alcoholic parents, low family income, loneliness and lack of recreational outlet are some of the causes responsible for maladjustment among the adolescents in various areas home, emotional and school. Block (1985) found that child who experiences the psychological pain of parental rejection tends to manifest signs of maladjustment. Kurdeket al. (1994) found that adolescents raised in authoritative families are more socially competent, more self reliant and have a better work ethic. They also show power sign of psychological distress, such as anxiety or depression and fewer adjustment problems. The study intends to measure the parenting style and self-concept of secondary school students and to find out the status and importance of parenting style in development of their self-concept.

Hypotheses:
In the present research work, following hypotheses are formulated, 1. Status of perceived parenting style among the adolescents.

2.
Status of perceived self-concept among the adolescents.
3. There is significant relationship between each model of parenting and self-concept. 4. Contribution of parenting style in the development of self-concept.

Sample:
The study was conducted in Pachora, Jalgaon District of Maharashtra. Six Schools are selected randomly and 400 students have been enrolled from VIII to X th standard in the sample.

Tools:
The following tools are used in the study.

Parenting scale:
Parenting scale developed and standardized by Bharadwaj, Sharma and Garg (1998) consists of eight models of parenting, with mothering, fathering and parenting status.
K. Goswami. This scale consists of 48 items and 08 dimensions of self concepts.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION:
The results and discussion of present study is as follows: To identity the status of perceived model of parenting among adolescents they are classified on the sten score. The sten scores range from 1-10. The sten score 1-5 indicates lower score and 6-10 indicates higher score, the lower score means undesirable and negative dimension and higher score means desirable and positive dimension of the model of parenting. The total score on the scale indicates the self-concept, whereas the greater the total score on the scale is expressed in terms of average self-concept.   From the above results, it is concluded that children with low parenting have unsatisfactory self-concept than children with high parenting style. Innovative programs on parenting may be planned to improve parent-child relationship during adolescence and help for better self-concept in adolescent age.