A Study of Life Satisfaction and Mood States of Police and Civil Employees

There are number of Psychological researches related to behavioral aspects of human being of organizational field. Presents research is about police and local body Administration of organizational field. To study police Employees psychologically become necessary because of suicide case on Duty, Demolishing, antisocial activities, aggressiveness of seniors and these results in indicate imbalance of low order. Exploitation of citizens treating inferiorly, job in satisfaction, Corruption, various scandals, sexual Harassment by some civil employees of local body administration, force to study psychologically above said is to focus on mood states of employees and life satisfaction. It is necessary to study their state of mind psychologically. Thus researcher selected the Aurangabad area of Maharashtra region in India. 400 respondents from police and civil employees were selected by random method with criterion of equal matching method. There are four hypotheses were formulated, a) The level of life satisfaction would be high in civil employees than policeman. b) The life satisfaction will be more in urban employees than rural employees serving in police and civil departments. c) There will be significant differences in mood states of police and civil employees. d) There would be significant differences in mood states of urban and rural employees serving in police and civil depts. Researcher has used life satisfaction scale designed and prepared by Q.G. Alam & Dr. Ramji Srivastava and Mood States Questionnaire by Dr. M. Bhargva and Dr. Kapoor has used for data collection. Two-way ANOVA was applying for data analysis, all results were significant on 0.05 and 0.01 level. Hence it concluded that nature of employment and area of residence are influence on life satisfaction and mood states.


INTRODUCTION
There are number of Psychological researches related to behavioral aspects of human being of organizational field. Presents research is about police and local body Administration of organizational Life satisfaction can be defined as the cognitive component of subjective well-being (Martikainen, 2008). This is consistent with Bradley & Corwyn (2004) who say that life satisfaction reflects both the extent to which basic needs are met and the extent to which avariety of other goals are viewed as attainable. From this perspective it seems only reasonable that by accomplishing more goals, satisfaction with life will also increase. According to Beutell (2006) it is believed that life satisfaction is related to better physical, and mental health, longevity, and other outcomes that are considered positive in nature. In addition, Chow (2009) argues that improved levels of life satisfaction might give rise to better health in the future, and that this can already be identified within a three-year timeframe. Although there is a lack of congruence regarding the definition of life satisfaction (Iverson & Maguire,2000), this thesis will adopt the definition as described by Veenhoven (1991, p.3): "Life satisfaction is conceived as the degree to which an individual judges the overall quality of his life-as-a-whole favourably.

Demographic Variable as a predictor of life satisfaction :-
The most majority of research on life satisfaction instigates the extent to which various Demographic Variable as a predict of life satisfaction. However, Because researcher are not able to perform true experiments by randomly assigning participants to demographic group( e.g. Gender, Income, Age), All of this research as necessarily been comparative much of the nature of working place & nature of employment has focused on the determinants of life satisfaction-That is the extent to which satisfaction is related to the environment both imposed (e.g. Urban & rural, Civil & Police) & relatively controllable (e.g. Income, Education, Age, Marriage, Gender)As well as to specific aspects of persons state of mind.

A Study of Life Satisfaction and Mood States of Police and Civil Employees
© The International Journal of Indian Psychology | 39 Work related conditionsemployment status: Clark & Oswald (1994) say that the effect of being jobless, at any conventional level,is statistically significant and negatively correlated with well-being. They state: "Joblessness depresses wellbeing more than any other single characteristic (including important negative ones such as divorce and separation)." Besides the loss of income, Darity & Goldsmith (1996)argue that joblessness also leads to decreased self-esteem and a reduced feeling that life isunder control. Additionally, they say that joblessness is related to the loss of several by-products of participating in a work environment, such as: the time structure of the working day, shared experiences and contacts, transcending goals and purposes, and personal status and identity. According to Winkelman & Winkelman (1998) these non-pecuniary costs of unemployment by far exceed the pecuniary cost associated with loss of income while being unemployed. They say that sevenfold of income is required to compensate for the negative effects associated with personal unemployment. Although it is, based on the relative standards theory, often suggested that living in a region characterized by high unemployment will alleviate the discontent of personal joblessness, Pittau, Zelli & Gelman (2009), who examined this premise, did not find any empirical evidence for this effect.It is, alternatively, more than likely that life satisfaction is positively affected by being employed. According to Bouazzaoui & Mullet (2002) employment is one of the requisites for satisfaction with life in Western societies. Additionally, Waddell & Burton (2006) indicate that there is a strong theoretical case that work and paid employment are generally beneficial for physical and mental health, as well as for well-being. They argue that employment is generally the most important means of obtaining adequate economic resources, which are essential for material well-being, and full participation in today"s society. Moreover, they state that work is central to individual identity, social roles and social status, and meets important psychological needs in societies where employment is the norm. Since this reasoning depicts employment as key to increasing material well-being as well as satisfying psychological needs, it is, based on the theory of post-materialism, feasible that being employed will generally have a greater impact on individuals living in economically deprived regions than on individuals residing in economically prosperous regions.

B) Mood states:-
The most recent development in scientific psychology have been concerned with the psychology of emotions. The emotional life was considered better than the rational life because it was directly connected with the body. Those theorists of antiquity and feeling at all as psychological problems attributed them to a lower type of soul. The whole direction of our schooling in ethical problems and problems of correct behavior has been, until very recently, schooling in emotional inhabitation. The child must learn to control his loves and his hates, his fears and rages, his moods of excitement and depression despite the fact that civilization requires emotional control and emotional inhabitation most of us who are honest with ourselves realize that, were it not for the promise of certain emotional satisfaction. Life would be scarcely worth living at all.
No doubt many points in the older views regarding emotions were basically sound. It is quite obvious to everyone that, must be curbed at sometimes and redirected at others. The modern view breaks with the order pre scientific view not at all another question of ethics but rather and questions as to the nature of the emotions. Emotions are today considered as natural phenomenon exactly as worthy of psychological study as any other form of behavior.

A Study of Life Satisfaction and Mood States of Police and Civil Employees
© The International Journal of Indian Psychology | 40 As the age grow young and old both may regress to infancy, to escape reality, becoming depended on others for care. Thus the emotional disturbances such as anxiety, depression, aggression, conflict, fatigue at quilt feeling, among peoples may be seen commonly in several cases.
Main purpose of present study, researcher has comprises the life satisfaction and mood states to nature of employment and area of working place of police and civil employees in Aurangabad district (M.S, India).

PROBLEM:-
"To comparative study of mood states and life satisfaction of employees serving in police and civil department with reference in Marathwada region (A study limited to Aurangabad district)"

OBJECTIVES:-
Following are the main objectives of the present research study:-1. To study the mood states of employees serving in police and civil departments.

2.
To study the satisfaction of employees serving in police and civil departments.
3. To study the life satisfaction of rural and urban employees serving in police and civil Departments.
4. To study the mood states of urban and rural employees serving in police and civil departments.

HYPOTHESES:-
Following hypotheses are framed for the present study:-1. The level of life satisfaction would be high in civil employees than policeman.
2. The life satisfaction will be more in urban employees than rural employees serving in police and civil departments.
3. There will be significant differences in mood states of police and civil employees.
4. There would be significant differences in mood states of urban and rural employees serving in police and civil depts.

A) Sample:-
The sample was drawn from the population of employees working from Aurangabad district. The present study consists 400 respondents (200 policemen and 200 civil employees). Respondents were selected from Aurangabad district by Randomized method. All these respondents were matched for pay scale (a basic 4200 to 5700 ) educational qualification (12th to undergraduate), experience (10 to 15 year between) and age group (30 to 45 years). Sample consists of Police Head Constable (police employee) and Senior Clerks (civil employees).

C) Variables the under study:
The present study was designed to find out the effect of independent variable and dependant variables. Following variables were studying:- Researcher apply following properties for statistical treatment, descriptive statistics, two-way ANOVA and "t" techniques will be used for data analysis to understand the mean difference between both groups of employees. Second main effect is nature of employment i.e police and civil employees the F (df=1,396) value is 33.975, Which is significant on 0.01 level. Hence police and civil employees show significant difference in terms of their life satisfaction. Here eta squared value is 0.079 and it shows moderate effect and variance is 7.9. The interaction effect showing no significant difference about life satisfaction, "F" value is 0.216.
For search out the difference between two means, researcher analyzed Post-Hoc test as "t" test. In the above table the mean value of civil employee is 38.21 and SD is 4.622 as well as the mean value of police employee is 35.44 and SD is 4.827. Obtained "t" value is 5.862 which is significant on 0.01 level. On the basis of mean it is concluded that police employees having less life satisfaction than civil employees. And accepts first hypothesis, "The level of Life Satisfaction would be high in civil employees than Policemen". The mean value of urban employee is 36.93 and SD is 4.996 as well as the mean value of rural employee is 36.72 and SD is 4.849. Obtained "t" value is 0.4265 which is not significant. Hence, it is concluded that there is no difference between urban and rural employees in terms of their life satisfaction. And reject second hypothesis. "The Life Satisfaction will be more in urban employees than rural employees serving in police and civil department".  Second main effect is nature of employment i.e police and civil employees the value F(1,396)= is 9.925 (df=1,396). Which is significant on 0.01 level. Hence showing significant difference about mood states and Eta squared value is 0.024, Showing small effect and variance is"0.2.
The interaction effect showing significant difference about mood states "F" value is 7.621 its significant on 0.01 level and eta squared value is 0.019 showing small effect and its variance is 0.1.
For the critical analysis, researcher analyzed Post-Hoc test as "t" test.

A Study of Life Satisfaction and Mood States of Police and Civil Employees
© The International Journal of Indian Psychology | 46 In the above table the mean value of civil employee is 88.60 and SD is 14.572 as well as the mean value of police employee is 93.04 and SD is 15.623. Obtained "t" value is 2.9403. Which is significant on 0.01 level. On the basis of mean it is concluded that the level mood states high in police employees than civil employees. And accept third hypothesis "There will be significant differences in mood states of police and civil employees". The mean value of urban employee is 95.94 and SD is 12.294 as well as the mean value of rural employee is 85.71 and SD is 16.204. Obtained"t" value is 7.11. Which is significant on 0.01 level. Hence, it is concluded that the mood states level high in rural employees and urban employees. And accepts hypothesis fourth, There would be significant differences in mood states of urban and rural employees serving in police and civil depts.  "The Life satisfaction would be more in urban employees than rural employees." The results of the present study ( In the of Indian society day by day, the difference between urban and rural area is reducing.
Villagers also try to adopt urban life style. Rural people are also benefited by recent technology.
Government provides same facilities all the employees in urban and rural areas. Hence no difference was observed in life satisfaction of rural and urban employees.

Hypothesis No. 03
"There will be significant differences in mood states of police and civil employees." As per Police employees have high mood state level than civil employees. In present research the mixed results are found in the term of stress, Anxiety, arousal and fatigue. But difference found in life satisfaction is effectiveness on mood states. In short there is interrelationship between work/job factors psycho-social factors end may be because of these above results are founds.

Hypothesis No. 04
There would be significant differences in mood states of urban and rural employees.
As per table 4 and 5, the mean of mood states scores are 95.94 and 85.71 respectively for the rural and urban employees. The main effect of area of working (table 39) is significant (F=52.621, df=1,396, P<0.01) for mood states. The rural employees mean scored higher on mood states level than urban employees. The results support hypothesis 20. The effect size (partial eta square) for the main effect of area of working on mood states is large (0.11), meaning that area of workin g explains 1.1% variance for mood states. The results indicate that the mood states levels is higher in rural employee than urban employees. The mood states level is found to be more in rural employees than urban employees. From the different view of thinking mental stress is emerged. If the working place is far way from head office then the orders and information of senior officers are not cleared. The orders and information of senior officer are unclear because of for distance between working place and head office. Hence employees get pressured shed work. The job distribution is beyond capacity of the employees due to which pressure of job is increased. Having the lack of facilities, job status is getting decreased. The fulfill needs of family, salary is n ot