Relationship between Depression and Psychological Well-being of Students of Professional Courses

The aim of the present research is to study the ‘Relationship between Depression and Psychological Well-being of Students of Professional Courses’. The psychological well-being of professional students is a very important component in the training and development in present and future for their career. The present study investigated the relationship between psychological well-being and depression of students of professional courses.

In 2002 Dianne A. & Van, used question whether the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), which is one of the most widely used instruments to assess depression, can be used to measure differences in subjective well-being at national level. He found depression negatively correlated with subjective well-being and other happiness-related variables. These findings suggest that depression had the same meaning at individual and country level and that depression is an adequate measure of (a lack of) well-being at country level.
Wellbeing is a notion that people and policymakers generally aspire to improve. However, it is an ambiguous concept, lacking a universally acceptable definition and often faced with competing interpretations (Akerlof, George A. 2007). Wellbeing is generally viewed as description of the state of people's life situation (McGillivray 2007, p. 3). Well-being is a dynamic concept that includes subjective, social and psychological dimensions as well as health related behavior. (Spring 2005).
A theoretical model of psychological well-being encompasses 6 distinct dimensions of wellness.
The Ryff Scales of Psychological Well-Being is a theoretically grounded instrument that specifically focuses on measuring multiple facets of psychological well-being. These facets include the following: Autonomy: I have confidence in my opinions, even if they are contrary to the general consensus. Environmental Mastery: In general, I feel I am in charge of the situation in which I live. Personal Growth: I think it is important to have new experiences that challenge how you think about yourself and the world. Positive Relations with Others: People would describe me as a giving person, willing to share my time with others. Purpose in Life: Some people wander aimlessly through life, but I am not one of them. Self-Acceptance: I like most aspects of my personality (Carol Ryff 1995) OBJECTIVE: • To study the level of depression among students of professional courses.
• To find out the psychological well-being of the students of professional courses.
• To find out the relationship between depression and psychological well-being.

HYPOTHESIS:
• There will be a significant difference between ages with psychological well-being.
• There will be a significant difference between genders with psychological wellbeing. • There will be a significant relationship between depression and psychological wellbeing.

Relationship between Depression and Psychological Well-being of Students of Professional Courses
© The International Journal of Indian Psychology | 141

METHODOLOGY:
Sample: The sample of study consists of 100 students of professional courses master in business administration, master in computer application and master in tourism administration (M.B.A., M.C.A. and M.T.A) from BHU (35 male and 65 female) in the age range of 20 to 28 years(mean=23.55).

The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI):
There are 20 question inventory and every questions have four options. It has four point scales ranging from 0 to 3. In first option respondent gains 0 marks, second option respondent gains 1 mark and third option respondent gains 2, fourth option respondent gains 3 marks. The total scores of 20 questions shows depression level, there are four parts of depression based on the score gained. High scores show high depression and low score shows low depression.

Reliability and validity:
Alpha reliability coefficients range from-0.79 to 0.95 in psychiatric samples and from 0.3 to 0.90 in non-psychiatric samples inducting that the BDI has good internal consistency.

Scale of Psychological Well-being Carol Ryff:
The Ryff scale of psychological well-being is a theoretical grounded instrument that specially focuses on measuring multiple facets of psychological well-being. These facets include the following.

Procedure:
The study was conducted on 100 students (35 male and 65 female) in the age range of 20 to 28 years (mean=23.55, SD=1.91). The sample was randomly selected from master in business administration, master in computer application and master in tourism administration (MCA, MBA & MTA) from Banaras Hindu University (BHU). BDI-I and psychological well-being scale was individually administered to each respondent. After a formal introduction, the scale was filled by them, and the duly filled in scales were collected with a word of thanks for their support. When all response sheets were collected, scoring and data analysis was completed. Descriptive statistics (Mean, Standard Deviation, t value and correlation) were used for the analysis of data. On the basis of their scores and socio-demographic detail, some suitable tips were given to maintain their well-being and coming out of depression.

Table-2: Correlation between Age and gender with Psychological Well-being
** Significant at the 0.01 level *Significant at the 0.05 level The findings of table-2 present the correlation between age, gender and psychological wellbeing. The table indicates that there is a negative correlation between age and self-acceptance (r= -.231) at .05 level of significance, which suggest that student with increasing age reported in selfacceptance. The table further indicates that there is a positive correlation between gender and self-acceptance (r= -.231) at .05 level of significance, which suggest that female students reported high in selfacceptance.  ** Significant at the 0.01 level *Significant at the 0.05 level The findings of table-3 present the correlation between depression and psychological well-being. The table indicates that there is a negative correlation between depression and total well-being (r= -.254) at .01 level of significance, which suggest that students with low depression reported high in total psychological well-being. The table further indicates that there is a negative correlation between depression and autonomy dimension of psychological well-being (r= -.264) at .01 level of significance, which suggest that students with low depression reported high in autonomy dimension of psychological well-being. The table further indicates that there is a negative correlation between depression and positive relation dimension of psychological wellbeing (r= -.212) at .05 level of significance, which suggest that students with low depression reported high in positive relation dimension of psychological well-being. The table further indicates that there is a negative correlation between depression and self-acceptance dimension of psychological well-being (r= -.345) at .01 level of significance, which suggest that students with low depression reported high in self-acceptance dimension of psychological well-being.