Shame of Body Image as An Obstacle to Lifestyle Self-Efficacy Affecting Weight: Qualitative Identification of The Causes and Perpetuating the Shame of Body Image

While some hypothesize that shame of body image can motivating lifestyle self-efficacy affecting weight, this article challenges this hypothesis. This study was conducted with two objectives: 1) to investigate the relationship between shame of body image and lifestyle self-efficacy affecting weight and 2) qualitative identification of the causes and perpetuating the shame of body image. To accomplish the first goal of the study, 55 overweight or obese volunteers answered the questionnaires lifestyle self-efficacy affecting weight of Clark et al (1991) and Shame of body image of Duarte et al (2014). Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient. In order to carry out the second purpose of the research, the interviews continued until the data were saturated (11 volunteers). Data were analyzed by content analysis method. The findings of the first objective showed that shame from body image has an inverse and significant relationship with lifestyle self-efficacy that affects weight (p <0.05). This includes all its dimensions including Self-efficacy when negative emotions, Self-efficacy when food is available, Self-efficacy during social pressure, Self-efficacy in physical discomfort, and Self-efficacy during positive activities (p <0.05), So that the more shame of body image, decreases the self-efficacy in these dimensions. The findings of the second objective of the study showed that childhood and adolescence experiences include criticism and blame by parents, ridicule by peers, blame by teachers, ridicule by others, and media propaganda for the ideal body, cause shame of body image. Current experiences also include ridicule and criticism by those around, motivate change through self-blame, media ads for the ideal body, social encounters, overeating as a stress reduction strategy, avoidance of community and Self-judgment about body stabilizes the shame of body image.