Coping Mechanisms of Transgender Individuals and Their Propensity Towards Criminalization and Victimization

Transgender individuals frequently experience discrimination, marginalization, and victimization, which significantly affect their psychological well-being. To navigate these adversities, they develop coping mechanisms that can be broadly categorized as approach and avoidant strategies. Approach coping includes seeking social support, self-affirmation and engaging in advocacy, leading to resilience and improved mental health outcomes. In contrast, avoidant strategies, such as substance use, emotional suppression, and social withdrawal, may provide temporary relief but often lead to long-term psychological distress and increased vulnerability to criminalization. This paper explores the psychosocial factors contributing to transgender individuals’ coping mechanisms and their implications for criminalization and victimization. It also examines the socio-legal challenges faced by transgender individuals, emphasizing how societal biases and institutional structures reinforce patterns of discrimination. The review integrates existing literature with empirical findings to propose comprehensive policy recommendations, emphasizing the need for mental health support, legal protection, and social advocacy. Addressing these issues requires a multi-faceted approach that combines psychological interventions, legal reforms, and increased societal awareness.