The Urban Pulse of Care: A Scoping Review on Emergency Nurses’ Work-Life Balance and Mental Health Amidst Rapid Urbanization

Background: Rapid urbanization has significantly transformed healthcare systems, intensifying demands on emergency nurses. These changes have profound implications for their work-life balance and mental health, yet a comprehensive understanding remains limited. Objectives: This scoping review aims to explore and synthesize existing literature on how rapid urbanization impacts emergency nurses’ work-life balance and mental health, identifying key challenges, contributing factors, and potential support strategies. Methods: Following the PRISMA-ScR guidelines, a systematic search of electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus, and CINAHL was conducted. Studies published between 2000 and 2024 that focused on emergency nurses, urbanization, mental health, and work-life balance were included. Data were charted and thematically analyzed to identify recurring patterns and gaps. Results: Findings revealed that emergency nurses in rapidly urbanizing areas face increased workloads, staff shortages, heightened patient acuity, and extended working hours. These factors contribute to higher rates of burnout, anxiety, depression, and disrupted personal lives. Coping mechanisms such as institutional support programs, mindfulness practices, and flexible scheduling were reported as mitigating factors, though their availability varied greatly across settings. Conclusion: Rapid urbanization presents significant challenges to emergency nurses’ mental health and work-life balance. Addressing these issues requires a multifaceted approach, including policy reforms, organizational support systems, and targeted mental health interventions. Further research is necessary to develop sustainable solutions tailored to urban healthcare environments.