Caregiver Burden in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Review of Global Variations, Influencing Factors and Interventions among Parents

Given the pervasive nature of the symptoms of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), individuals with this condition often require long-term support and specialised interventions to ensure optimal functioning and quality of life. The result is an increase in what is termed caregiver burden, as care-taking responsibilities frequently fall on family members, particularly parents. The present review sought to synthesise existing literature on caregiver burden among parents of individuals with ASD, with a focus on examining the domains and determinants of caregiver burden. Alongside identifying patterns, similarities and variations across studies, the present review also explored psychological interventions aimed at alleviating caregiver burden. The findings show that caregivers of individuals with ASD experience various forms of burden, including emotional, financial, social, and time-related challenges. With regard to interventions, a multidimensional approach was deemed to be most effective in addressing the complex nature of caregiver burden. While approaches such as CBT and mindfulness emerged as promising, integrative interventions incorporating social support, skill-building, and family involvement were more favorable. Since current support systems focus primarily on the individual with ASD, comprehensive caregiver-focused interventions providing psychological support and increased access to services and practical resources are recommended for better overall outcomes.