Workplace Spirituality as a Predictor of Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Job Involvement Among Police Personnel: Evidence from Uttar Pradesh, India

Police personnel in India face persistent occupational stress, role overload, and limited organizational support, making the identification of psychological resources that promote positive work behavior both theoretically and practically important. The present study examined the predictive role of workplace spirituality on organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) and job involvement among police personnel in Uttar Pradesh, India. A cross-sectional survey design was employed, and data were collected from 205 constables and head constables (76.6% male, 23.4% female; years of service: 3–32) using validated self-report measures. Workplace spirituality was assessed using a three-dimensional scale (Milliman et al., 2003) comprising meaningful work, sense of community, and alignment with organizational values. Organizational Citizenship behavior(OCB) was measured using a five-dimension scale (Podsakoff et al., 1990), and job involvement was assessed using Kanungo’s (1982) scale. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses were conducted with gender and years of service as controls. Workplace spirituality was positively and significantly correlated with overall OCB (r = .326, p < .01) and job involvement (r = .380, p < .01). Regression analyses revealed that workplace spirituality significantly predicted overall OCB (β = .323, ΔR² = .104, p < .001), four OCB dimensions — conscientiousness (β = .257, p < .001), civic virtue (β = .345, p < .001), courtesy (β = .168, p = .016), and altruism (β = .299, p < .001) — and job involvement (β = .387, ΔR² = .149, p < .001). Sportsmanship was not significantly predicted (β = −.015, p = .834). These findings underscore the importance of fostering workplace spirituality as a strategic human resource intervention to enhance prosocial behavior and psychological job engagement among police personnel.