Family Environment and Cognitive Ability among School-Going Children: A Study of the Role of Parenting, Family Functioning and Socioeconomic Factors

Background: Cognitive development during childhood is influenced not only by individual characteristics but also by the social and family environment in which children grow. Family environment, parenting practices, family functioning, and socioeconomic conditions may contribute significantly to children’s cognitive development and educational adjustment. Aim: The present study aims to examine the relationship between family environment and cognitive ability among school-going children, with particular emphasis on parenting practices, family functioning, and socioeconomic factors. Method: A cross-sectional, correlational research design may be employed among school-going children aged approximately 10–16 years. Participants may be selected using an appropriate (N=200) sampling procedure from schools. Cognitive ability may be assessed using a standardized intelligence/cognitive ability test, while family environment, parenting practices, family functioning, and socioeconomic status may be assessed using standardized psychological and socioeconomic measures. Descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation, t-test/ANOVA, and multiple regression analysis may be used to examine the relationships among study variables. Expected Results:  It is hypothesized that a positive and supportive family environment, effective parenting practices, healthy family functioning, and favourable socioeconomic conditions will be positively associated with children’s cognitive ability. Family-related variables are expected to explain a significant proportion of variance in cognitive ability after controlling for relevant demographic characteristics. Conclusion: Understanding the contribution of family factors to children’s cognitive development may help psychologists, educators, parents, and policymakers develop family-centered interventions aimed at promoting healthy cognitive and educational development.