Personality Traits and Social Cognition as Predictors and Correlates of Addiction Severity in Substance Use Disorder

Background: Substance Use Disorder (SUD) is a major global mental health concern affecting an individual’s cognitive, emotional, and social functioning. Personality traits influence vulnerability to substance use and recovery outcomes, and may interact with addiction severity and social cognition. Aim: This study examined relationships between personality traits, addiction severity, and social cognition among individuals with SUD. Method: Using random sampling, 50 inpatients and outpatients diagnosed with SUD from a psychiatric hospital in Ahmedabad, Gujarat, were assessed using the Addiction Severity Index–5, Edinburgh Social Cognition Test, and NEO Five-Factor Inventory–3. Data analysis was done using Pearson’s correlation and regression analyses. Results: Addiction severity showed a significant positive association with Neuroticism and significant negative associations with Conscientiousness and Agreeableness. Social cognition showed significant positive associations with personality traits. No significant relationship was found between addiction severity and social cognition. Conclusion: Personality traits emerged as key correlates of addiction severity and social cognition, suggesting trait-specific pathways.