Exploring Uncharted Pathways: Unraveling the Link between Distinct Parenting Styles and Suicidal Vulnerability

Suicide is a global public health concern influenced by various factors, including parenting styles. This review paper synthesizes existing literature on parenting styles and suicide risk, exploring the conceptual framework, empirical findings, and mediating mechanisms, offering implications for prevention and intervention. Parenting styles (authoritative, authoritarian, permissive, neglectful) have distinct mental health outcomes. Authoritative parenting is linked to positive outcomes, while others show adverse effects. Empirical studies indicate authoritative parenting associates with lower suicide risk, while authoritarian, permissive, and neglectful parenting link to higher risk. Qualitative studies highlight themes of harsh parenting and emotional neglect among individuals with suicidal tendencies. Mechanisms underlying the relationship include attachment theory, social learning theory, and stress-coping models. Secure attachment fosters emotional security, reducing suicide risk. Social learning theory suggests children learn coping skills through parental modeling, influencing their vulnerability to suicidal tendencies. Collaborative efforts are essential to foster supportive family environments and mitigate suicide risk. The review concludes with key findings, limitations, and recommendations for future research. Longitudinal studies and cross-cultural investigations are needed. In conclusion, this review enhances knowledge on parenting styles and suicide risk, emphasizing the importance of parenting in mental health outcomes and offering avenues for targeted prevention and intervention.