Mediating Role of Executive Function in the Relationship Between Conscientiousness and Procrastination

Conscientiousness is often regarded as a safeguard against procrastination, depicted by discipline, and goal-directed behavior. Executive functioning, including cognitive processes like planning, working memory, and cognitive flexibility, are central for self-regulation and task handling. Existing research suggests that individuals high in conscientiousness usually demonstrate better executive functioning. But, very few studies have analyzed the mediating effects of executive functioning between conscientiousness and procrastination. The goal of the present study is precisely that. The study utilized correlational design with a sample of 110 university students, between the age range of 18 to 27. The Conscientiousness-specific items of the Big-5 Inventory Short Form were used to measure conscientiousness, the Short Executive Function Scale by Justin E. Karr was used to measure executive functioning, and Lay Procrastination Scale was used to measure procrastination. Statistical analysis indicated that conscientiousness was positively correlated with higher executive functioning and negatively correlated with procrastination. Executive functioning was, also, negatively correlated with procrastination. Furthermore, mediation analysis using regression-based path modeling demonstrated that conscientiousness significantly predicted higher executive function and lower procrastination. Executive function also remained a significant negative predictor of procrastination when both variables were entered simultaneously as predictors. Bootstrapped analyses confirmed a significant indirect effect of conscientiousness on procrastination through executive function. But since the direct effect remained significant but diminished, this is an indication of partial mediation. The results accentuate the role of executing functioning as a crucial cognitive pathway bridging the gap between conscientiousness and procrastination, and suggesting that strengthening executive skills may help reduce procrastination, particularly among individuals with lower conscientiousness.