Mild Cognitive Impairment, Loneliness and Old Age: A Qualitative Study

Background-Ageing involves biological, psychological, and social changes that can influence both cognitive functioning and emotional well-being. Mild cognitive impairment represents a stage between normal ageing and dementia, where individuals experience noticeable memory or attention difficulties while maintaining daily independence. Loneliness is also a growing concern in later life and may arise from life transitions such as retirement, bereavement, and changing family structures. However, most studies focus on quantitative measures and provide limited insight into how older adults personally experience these changes. Understanding the lived experiences of older adults may provide deeper insight into how cognitive changes and loneliness interact within everyday life. Objective-The study aimed to explore the relationship between perceived mild cognitive changes and experiences of loneliness among adults aged 60–80 years. Method-A qualitative cross-sectional design was used. Seven older adults aged 60–80 years were recruited through purposive sampling. Participants reported mild memory concerns but had no diagnosis of dementia. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews focusing on daily routines, social relationships, experiences of cognitive changes, and feelings of loneliness. Interviews lasted 45–75 minutes and were audio-recorded and transcribed. Data were analysed using Braun and Clarke’s Reflexive Thematic Analysis to identify patterns across participants. Results-Five themes emerged from the analysis. Differential Cognitive Ageing reflected strong long-term memory alongside minor difficulties in attention and multitasking. Emotional Loneliness Beyond Physical Isolation showed that loneliness was often related to emotional disconnection rather than living alone. Role Transition and Identity Reconfiguration highlighted how retirement and reduced responsibilities influenced confidence and identity. Interrelationship Between Cognitive Vulnerability and Emotional Experience indicated that emotional states such as grief or rumination sometimes shaped how participants perceived cognitive changes. An analytical pattern of Meaningful Participation and Cognitive Resilience suggested that continued engagement in activities such as teaching, hobbies, or family responsibilities supported confidence and well-being. Conclusion-The findings suggest that cognitive ageing is often gradual and selective process rather than uniform decline. Emotional connection, meaningful roles, and active participation appear important in supporting both cognitive confidence and well-being in later life.