Addiction Reexamined: An Interdisciplinary Review of Neurobiological, Diagnostic, And Therapeutic Perspectives

Understanding addiction continues to challenge researchers and clinicians alike due to its complex underlying neurobiological, psychological, and social factors. Although the conceptualization of addiction has changed significantly over time, its definitions and treatments are still up for debate. This review explores addiction through its historical development, the evolution of diagnostic frameworks, and key psychological factors in treatment, using a narrative approach to synthesize information from peer-reviewed literature published over the past two decades. It examines different types of addiction, the impact of contextual stressors, and traces the shift from a moralistic view to a biopsychosocial model. It also points out gaps in research for improved treatment outcomes. Furthermore, it suggests investigating Interoceptive Exposure, paving the way for new techniques to treat addictions.