Development and Psychometric Validation of a Multidimensional Risk-Taking Behaviour Scale for Undergraduate Students

Risk-taking behaviour among undergraduate students is increasingly associated with academic decision-making, emotional adjustment and emerging concerns such as digital overuse. The present study aimed to develop and psychometrically validate a multidimensional Risk-taking Behaviour Scale (RTBS) for undergraduate students in higher education contexts. An initial pool of 60 items was generated through an extensive review of literature and expert consultation. After content validation and pilot testing, 45 items were retained and administered to a sample of 285 undergraduate students. Reliability analysis indicated high internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = .884). Exploratory Factor Analysis (Principal Component Analysis with Varimax rotation) revealed a four-factor structure. The Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin (KMO) value (.828) and Bartlett’s Test of Sphericity (χ² = 3588.568, p < .001) confirmed sampling adequacy. The findings support the RTBS as a reliable and valid instrument for assessing risk-taking behaviour in higher education contexts.